全国整治网络低俗之风的专项行动正在如火如荼地进行,同时,互联网上的另一股不正之风——“视频侵权”也开始受到重视。新年伊始,激动网联合80多家版权方组建的“反盗版联盟”,对土豆网等视频网站侵犯版权问题进行起诉。
版权问题成致命弱点
据激动网总裁张鹤介绍,自去年年底开始,激动网陆续发现土豆网首页推荐的视频内容中,有激动网获得独家版权的视频内容。去年4月,激动网与土豆网取得联系,要求其删除盗版内容,并赔偿损失。去年5月,激动网将土豆网告上法庭,去年11 月,在法院将做出最终判决前,土豆网主动要求庭外和解,赔偿因盗播《放逐》、《双食记》等5部电影而对激动网造成的经济损失。“但这只是土豆网侵权官司的首批结案,他们还有上百个影视作品侵权,我们已大量取证,相信会得到法律的支持。”
“我们走诉讼程序也是出于无奈,因为我们遵循法律程序,一部影片往往要等上映几十天才能播放,但这期间,盗版影片早已铺天盖地,必然影响我们的收益。如果土豆网能够采取有效措施避免盗版行为,我们不排除与其和解,甚至合作。”张鹤表示,希望通过这一行动,一方面通过诉讼打击盗版行为;另一方面积极探索可能的视频网站经营模式,走出视频网站良性发展的道路。
就侵权指控事件,土豆网发表声明:视频网站为注册用户提供信息网络储存空间服务,除进行必要的技术处理外,不负责内容合法性的判定和处理,在传播层面适用“通知—删除—免责”的“避风港”原则。
对此,张鹤并不认同。他认为:“避风港”条款是用来保护那些无法获知版权的内容,但像《越狱》之类的影片不可能事先不知道版权,如果再去播放就是很明显的侵权行为。“视频侵权不是技术上的问题,既然我们网站能够做到没有盗版行为发生,其它网站就可以做到,而且必须做到,这是你存在的前提。”
“版权问题已成为网络视频产业的致命弱点,如果说之前是山雨欲来风满楼,那如今已是风起云涌,不得不去面对和解决了。”中国法学会知识产权法研究会会长、中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心教授吴汉东说。
视频网站何去何从
业内人士认为,此次集体诉讼事件,真实地反映了视频网站产业的生存状态。
“版权问题说到底是资金问题,除非视频网站能够找到合适的盈利模式,如部分推行收费视频的模式;否则在无法实现盈利的情况下,要视频网站主动购买版权实际上是心有余而力不足的。”从事新媒体研究的中国人民大学新闻学院教授匡文波说。据他介绍,目前,包括美国著名的视频网站YouTube在内,全世界的视频网站还没有真正实现盈利的。一方面,视频网站需要的技术维护费用、带宽租用费较普通网站高得多;另一方面,视频网站还没有找到适合自己的盈利模式。在中国,这个问题更为突出,视频网站租用带宽的费用要占到运营成本的1/3左右。
对习惯“免费午餐”的网民来说,收费模式很难接受。搜狐网近日组织的相关网络调查结果显示,支持打击网络盗版行为的网民占43.26%,认为网站提供盗版视频应受处罚的网民占42.95%,两项指标都没有超过半数。
为求生存,视频网站只好在政策与法规中寻找“避风港”。
中国人民大学法学院教授刘春田认为,“这次针对土豆网的大规模集体诉讼应该说不是一件坏事,如果能够作出一个比较公正的判决,将会对整个网络视频产业产生很好的警示和引导作用,有利于整个行业逐步走向成熟。”
“从网络视频产业长远发展的角度考虑,最好能够建立一种类似中国音像著作权集体管理协会对卡拉OK收费管理的著作权集体管理模式。”刘春田教授建议,应该建立一个相应的著作权集体管理组织,一方面维护版权利益;另一方面,规范版权使用,使大家从共同发展中受益。
“我们需要一个干净的网络环境,更需要一个和谐的网络环境,版权诉讼只是一种手段,实现合作共赢才是我们应该追求的目标。”吴汉东教授说。
来源:人民日报
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